In both athlete and veteran research, relatively few studies specifically examine the characteristics of, and outcomes for, female participants. Indeed, in most studies, females comprise a small subgroup of the sample, which limits quantitative analyses and generalizability of results. Additionally, there is almost no research on transgender females and nonbinary individuals in these two populations. Studies of female athletes and service members have often focused on sex-related physiological issues, such as menstrual cycle (e.g., Mitchell et al., 2016) and the female triad (e.g., Finley et al., 2015; Kroshus et al., 2018).
Noninvasive brain stimulation is becoming popular within sport as a way to improve motor performance, so much so that this ‘neuro-doping’ may provide a competitive edge in the future of sport.
Research data suggest that the state of underhydration and its concomitant increase in plasma vasopressin is associate with a higher risk for diabetes and chronic kidney disease. It is also suggested that increase water intake suppresses vasopressin, resulting in improved glucose regulation, lower risk of urinary tract infections, and kidney stones formation.
cTET (contactless thermodynamic efficiency test) is based on an intuitive scientific quantity, the thermodynamic efficiency of a body, which is the ratio of the energy “investment” of a system (the “calories burned”, i.e. energy expenditure [kcal/min]) to the energy output of that system (thermodynamic work done by the person on a treadmill, fixed bike, etc.) obtained under unconstrained physical condition.
Women have become more involved in both recreational and competitive sports and are therefore receiving more attention in the sports medicine literature. The gender differences in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rate might be attributed to the lower extremity structure difference between males and females.
“Black Womxn Thriving” is a larger national study to examine how professional Black womxn across the gender spectrum find joy, success, and stability at work, along with the role of organizations to cultivate environments of care that promote the values of inclusion, equity, and diversity in the workplace.
Sex-gender-sexuality is culturally constructed, a human invention, which we are socialized into – and may embrace or resist - throughout our lives. Much of what we know about the regulation of sex-gender-sexuality and sports centers on individual professional athletes, and technicalities such as testosterone levels.
Athletes are at greater risk of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to their continued exposure to increases in intra- abdominal pressure (IAP) throughout the training. General exercises, such as jumping, landing, weight lifting, holding deep breaths, or even coughing, exert different deformations upon the pelvic floor, especially for females and some transgender sportspersons, putting this athletic population at higher risk for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
It has been repeatedly demonstrated that female athletes have lower ankle stability and an increased risk of ankle injury when compared to male counterparts participating in similar sports activities. In order to reduce the risk of ankle injury in female athletes and help them maximize performance during sports activities, it is significant to understand mechanisms underlying the sex differences in ankle stability and utilize this knowledge in intervention to reduce the risk of an ankle injury.
Athletes may experience (GI) symptoms exacerbated by the intensity of the exercise, jeopardizing performance and exercise recovery. Many of these athletes represent minority populations, including African Americans, who may be particularly vulnerable to nutrition-related GI issues. As African Americans contribute largely to the American Football roster, the standard, often dairy-based, recovery products provided by the athletic department may not always fit the need of a large part of the team as they may cause GI dysfunction and decrease athletic performance.